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Thursday, 6 February 2025

Bristol Fox Deaths Project 2021 -2024

 

 Just waiting for the proof copy to check and then I'll put out the order link.

Pages   226

Binding Type   Paperback Perfect Bound

Interior Color   Color

Dimensions   A4

£25.00

In 2020 the British Fox and Wild Canids Study (f 1976) decided that the number of suspected

fox poisoning cases in the City of Bristol needed to be properly investigated. The attitude of "just foxes" had prevailed for too long and the number of deaths reported were either deliberate poisoning or indicators of some form of disease in foxes.

Necropsies (post mortems) were carried out at Langford Veterinary School via Bristol University Post Mortem Services with results going to the Wildlife Network for Disease Surveillance and Animal Plant Health Advisory.

Although there were Road Traffic Accident cases far more was discovered about how various illnesses and diseases affect the British Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) and as the only necropsy study of its kind carried out in the UK the possible reason for the increasing decline of the species appears to have been found as it claims cubs and young adult foxes lives every year.

As the first type of study in the UK this is groundbreaking and of interest to not just wildlife vets but wildlife rescue centres.

Sunday, 26 January 2025

More Historical Evidence For An Old West European Old Fox?

  The full story behind these images -What Does the Fox Sing? on The Newberry Blog here:

https://www.newberry.org/blog/what-does-the-fox-sing?fbclid=IwY2xjawIApWBleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHWWgAZ_Nhy8v0pgJbspLYdRBMX_Z4z3bPi5awQROuSMPubhkf6duxF21mw_aem_SZ6_OZ76wolkzNuNHk648w

The prints were made in 1490 and the colour work was done in 1517 so the artist doing that colouring would have been familiar with the colour of a fox. This is no modern or late 20th century colouring where the artist decides every fox in history in the UK was red so that's how it will be coloured.


The Vincenzo Capirola, Lutebook, 1517, Newberry Library. VAULT Case MS minus VM 140 .C25 has added one more piece to the puzzle of whether Western Europe, before human migration and red fox symbiotic following of human settlements, had an Old fox type similar to the UK.

It would make logical sense that it did since the foxes trapped in the UK after Doggerland flooded would have been part of a Western European species.  When Ireland was then separated itself from mainland Britain the Old foxes there would have developed to live in the new habitat.


What struck me immediately about the drawings was how close they were to sketches of Old British foxes down to the rough hair as well as the famous Colquhoun mountain fox (one of the last of its type).


19th century sketch of a mountain fox and below the Colquhoun mountain fox killed in the mid 1830 (full details and better photos in The Red Paper)

Access to European museum or private house collections (as we had hoped for in the UK)  would likely turn up even more anecdotal evidence and, perhaps, a taxidermy of an Old W. European fox.

Tuesday, 21 January 2025

Dog Walkers and Wildlife

  There seems to be an enormous feeling of self entitlement amongst some dog owners and I have in the past heard every excuse as well as being blasted with a dog's "bill of rights" (seriously). If you cannot command control your dog in a park or area where there is wildlife and especially during cub and young season -muzzle it or keep it on a lead. 

This is not a Bristol problem it is a national one. Deer,foxes, badgers and other wildlife are chased at by out of control dogs while the owners chuckle away. It is not funny.

We also have some nasty people out there who seem to have great fun allowing their dogs to attack and kill wildlife.

Purdown and Blaise Castle (Bristol) have seen reports of dogs chasing rabbits and deer and not responding to their owners' calls.

Yesterday afternoon, at Blaise Castle Park, a dog walker and her husband were shocked as a "Very large and muscle packed" greyhound attacked and shook, mauled a fox. The owner watched and did nothing and after the dog had done its stuff he left. The shocked couple had to wait until Sarah Mills (the Bristol Fox Lady) got there and rushed the fox to the vet where in juries were so severe it was put down.

This has now become a wildlife crime incident and there will be a post mortem carried out and report forwarded to Bristol City Council and police.

The man was described as early 50s, well built and his greyhound was more powerfully built than the usual greyhounds seen. No leash and no muzzle and no attempt to do anything means the dog is a danger to (at least) wildlife and by the man's reaction this was nothing new -why someone would take a greyhound into an area with wildlife and let it chase and kill animals is open to question.

Dog walkers should be careful if they are in the park in case the man and dog return. If anyone has suspicions who the person i9s please contact Avon and Somerset Police.


Above: the fox savaged and that had to be euthanised

Total recorded Fox Deaths Bristol 2022-2025 (January)

 It was initially a struggle to get local wildlife group members to report observations of dead foxes (or badgers). It still is. Pet walkers and Pets Lost and Found groups have been a great help. In 2025 we are finally seeing more members of the public reporting sick and dead foxes.

 It is always important to note that these are only reported dead foxes and anecdotal evidence has shown many foxes are never reported.

In 2022 there were 50 dead foxes reported. Very low but, as noted, it was a struggle to get cooperation.

In 2023 there were a total of 263 reported dead foxes.

For 2024 the total was 265.

Ominously, up to 20th January 2025 some 27 foxes are listed.

This means that the total known fox deaths for Bristol stands at...

605

Statistically, the final figures for 2023 and 2024 could be at least doubled and the deaths are bound to affect the already declining fox population. 

As of 2025 we are attempting to identify sex and rough age of each fox reported where we can and 2024 has already shown that we lose a lot of cubs as well as vixens which is not good.



The Scottish Wild Cat IS Extinct (that is an over 100 year old news headline)

 


It appears that no one reads the old pre-20th century literature or books published shortly thereafter pertaining to wildlife. Although all the information is there and freely available it seems that dogma laid out in the early 20th century (in fact many museums were displaying hybrid cats as genuine wild cats and criticised for doing so in the late 19th century) has simply been "copy and pasted" by generations.

This lack o0f knowledge means that there is a false history of British wildlife. Deer, hares, red squirrels and many other animals were imported from Europe (more intensely in the 19th century) to replace 'hunting stock' which, if those carrying out DNA work are unaware of means that false results are presented.  Any wild animal in the UK tested would produced European origin DNA because that is where their ancestors originated.  Much more intense DNA work is required to find non-European DNA in British wildlife.

But now back to wild cats. According to the Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, based in Oxfordshire:

"Scottish wildcat hybrids challenge classic assumptions of generalist and specialist species, occurring across a broad range of ecological conditions and geographical ranges, but also having highly specialised individuals.

The study, published by WildCRU and NatureScot researchers, is the latest update to ongoing wildcat research in Scotland. The current project focusses on the threat of hybridisation between wildcats and introduced domestic cats on wildcat populations across Europe, and will be used to inform ongoing efforts to restore the wildcat to Scotland.
Read the latest research 👉 http://bit.ly/40FgGlV
Researchers: Samuel Cushman, Zaneta Kaszta, Ruairidh Campbell, Kerry Kilshaw, Martin Gaywood and David Macdonald."

My response, which will probably be ignored again:

"Too late. Even in the 18th century noted naturalists wrote that the wild cat would have become "extinct hundreds of years ago had it not been for breeding with feral domestic cats". In Europe the interbreeding with feral domestics goes to well before the Roman period and in the UK it is stated that ferals have been interbreeding with wild cats since Roman times at least.

"Some of the larger wild cats (hunted by dogs with spiked leather collars to avoid the dog being killed) persisted until, perhaps, the late 18th century. In 1897 a learned gathering of naturalists in Scotland declared that the "Scottish wild cat had become extinct around the 1830s" as this was attested to by a naturalist who had studied the animals for 40 years.

"When I set up t6he Wild Cats and Ferals Study in 1980 I also fell for the dogma that still insists the current very hybridised European wild cat tabbies promoted as true Scottish wild cats were just that. The Red Paper 2022: "Felids" presented the evidence as well as taxidermy showing what the last vestiges of the old wild cat truly looked like."

Monday, 6 January 2025

2024 Fox and Badger Road Death Total (Bristol) Plus Treatment Successes

 


The total number of badgers reported dead due to suspected car strike in Bristol during 2024 stands at 68.

The total number of foxes reported dead, injured and died, etc. in the City of Bristol stands at 268.

These were the ones reported and in a number of cases we would not have known about the deaths other than third parties casually mentioning seeing these animals as having been reported dead (which we then had to confirm) or people complaining that they wanted a dead fox moved as they were "filthy" or "a nuisance".

Based on the usual standards for estimating such things we believe that the actual fox death figure stands at over 300.  For the badgers we estimate a true figure would be more like 100. It seems that the public as well as members of local wildlife groups have no interest in badgers, foxes, otters or deer fatalities in and around the City but we ARE very grateful for those who do forward information.  Oddly, pet and vegan group members are the best reportees.

Since the 31st of December we have had one dead fox reported each day with the 5th being the exception.

After five years of constantly reporting/posting on groups in the City and around it we are still not getting through to those members of wildlife groups and other than photo opportunities badgers and foxes appear to be barely of interest or tolerated.

In the past two years Sarah Mills, "The Bristol Fox Lady" has led the way in treating facial and other injuries as well as mange in foxes in situ without the need to trap and confine.  Just how successful this work is can be seen in the fact that well over 500 foxes have been treated and survived and even vets are beginning to be more open to helping out -sadly not all vets as there is still an attitude of "We won't touch wildlife" even when a seriously injured animal needs to be put out of its suffering.  It is nice when you hear vets and others mentioning that they see fewer cases of mange and that is down to Sarah's all weather work.

The success of in situ treatment is a glimmer of hope in an otherwise depressing year of recording constant wildlife death on the roads where speeding still contributes to the death toll.

Monday, 9 December 2024

"Experts" Ignore Historical FACT?

 It is often the case that that dogma is so entrenched on a certain subject, as well as money invested, that no matter what factual evidence you provide you will be ignored or e called a "whacky theorist".

In 1897, a learned gathering comprising naturalists (which usually meant they were also 'sportsmen') as well as the man noted as THE expert on wild cats after 40 years of study,  declared that the true Scottish wild cat had died out during the 1860s.

The declaration was made in a paper widely available at the time and still available online today. Yet, it seems, not one person writing about or said to be studying Scottish wild cats has ever read that paper -or they have and have turned a blind eye (ego and prestige as an "expert" are what draws in the research money or money from books).


H. Mortimer Batten was a naturalist and trapper of animals for Zoological gardens and was as well known in his day as, say, Chris Packham is today.  He set up unique camera traps in the 1920s and 1930s as well as photographed trapped wild cats -this (above)  is one of his photographs of a "genuine" Scottish wild cat which readers will note looks nothing like the "wild tabby" touted as the genuine wild cat today (although are beginning to state that they believe true wild cats are no more).

The wild cat was once spread across England, Wales and Scotland -in England and Wales they survived, despite what you might read on the internet, into the late 19th century. Once 'sportsmen' had wiped the cats from England the title of "The English Tiger" was transferred and changed to "The Highland Tiger".   It is highly likely that someone also used the term "The Welsh Tiger" at some point.

By the 1860s what were left in Scotland were hybrid remnants of the Old wild cat and the Extinct Fox and Wild Cat Museum has a few examples of these in the hope that one day DNA testing can take place. Why do we know that these remnants from the 1830s were not the original wild cat?  Firstly, as noted in 18th century wildlife books and publications, had it not been for feral domestic cats the species would have become extinct hundreds of years ago. The one thing "experts" blame for the decline in wild cats (inter-breeding with feral domestic cats) is what kept the species alive. As with the Grey squirrel being blamed for the decline in red squirrels, the domestic feral was the scapegoat species. The real decline and extinction, as with the original British red squirrels and other animals that were then replaced by European imports, were humans.

The Old British foxes were hunted to extinction, even though it was known this was happening, but to continue the 'fun' of the 'sport' foxes were imported from Europe. The same with some deer species as well as red squirrels. The 'sport' had to continue.

The Old wild cats were large and, obviously, striped. They were fierce and could take on and seriously injure or kill someone trying to hunt them. As with hares, otters and foxes there were special hound packs used to flush out and fight and kill (that was the whole point; the hunter had to get the excitement of the fight and kill) wild cats.  However, the wild cats had no problem mauling or killing the hounds used.  For that reason the hounds were given wide leather collars equipped with metal studs to prevent a wild cat "going for the neck" and killing them.  The wild tabby might be fierce in the wild but against a pack of dogs it would stand no chance.

I believe that there is enough anecdotal evidence to make it clear that wild cats from Europe (imported directly to hunt areas or purchased from the burgeoning animal trade markets) were released not just in Scotland during the 19th and 20th centuries but also to Wales and England.  As noted in The Red Paper 2022 volume II "Felids" we have several instances of "wild cats like those from Scotland" being killed in England right up to the 1930s/1940s. We also have the photographic evidence of rare taxidermies of these wild cats showing that some were hybrids and to get hybrids you need at least one genuine wild cat. The case of a wild cat shot in the north of England in the 1930s was also covered in The Red Paper. One was shot in a licensed hunting area by a doctor. The taxidermy long thought lost took years for me to find and its photo is included in the book as well as the fact that a similar cat had been shot previously in the area and that the land owner had turned out at least three pairs of wild cats for the shooting.

We find European wild cat DNA in the current Scottish wild cats because they were imports. In fact, it is possible that the wild cat in Western Europe today is also not the original European wild cat.

I have had the response to the work carried out since 1980 of "don't believe it!"  Has the person read the book or checked any of the very many references quoted (to aid peer review)?  No. And they will not because, as the gentleman in  Switzerland stated "I have been an expert in red foxes for 30 years and I have never heard any of this!" (and, yes, he too was unwilling to read the book).  The same applies with wild cat experts; you can be an expert on red foxes or the current New wild cats but blinding themselves to the existence of previous species is totally unscientific since we are finding species we knew nothing about previously on a regular basis.  It is like calling yourself an expert in reptiles but denying the existence of dinosaurs.

I never believed in stories of the Old fox types until my book and archival studies turned up reference after reference.  Ditto the Old wild cat. To deny previous species existed because you are an expert in the species existing today is neither logical or scientific -it is protecting your own little money maker".

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